Dissociated pulmonary vein potentials: Expression of the cardiac autonomic nervous system following pulmonary vein isolation?

Introduction In the electrically nonisolated pulmonary veins, the cardiac autonomic system has been shown to play an important role in initiating pulmonary vein (PV) ectopy and triggering atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effects of the cardiac autonomic system on the isolated PV are not currently known. We present the observations from a case where opportunistic stimulation of the autonomic system was performed in the presence of dissociated pulmonary vein potentials (PVPd).